ARABIC CULTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ARABIC CULTURE - Essay Example The Semitic people are said to have originated from the Arab peninsula, gaining the bulk of the people of Mesopotamia from the Jazirat al-Arab or the island of the Arabs which is the place between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (Goodspeed, p. 54). The Hadramawt forms in the southern border reaching northward to the east of the Dead Sea (Craig, p. 13). The non-Arab Semitic settlers were Arameans, Akkadians, Amorites, Israelites, Eblaites, and Canaanites; and they established their communities in Mesopotamia and the Levant. These people gradually came to intermix and intermarry with each other (Hammer, et.al., p. 6769). They gradually lost their domination of the near east due to internal issues. The first time that the label â€Å"Arab† came into being was in an Assyrian inscription of 853 BCE where King Gindibu was defeated in the Battle of Karkar. At this time accounts of these defeated groups include Assyrian texts which later translated to â€Å"Arab†. These people were considered desert-dwelling Semitic groups (History World, p. 3). War would later break out between the Assyrians and the Arabs during Ashurbanipal’s time. The medieval genealogists divided the Arab people into three groups: first are the ancient Arabs who vanished; second are the pure Arabs of South Arabia; and last are the Arabized Arabs from North Arabia who were considered descendants of Ishmael, son of Abraham (Nydell, p. 53). There are various terms used to define the Arabs, and some of them define Muslims to be nomadic Arabs, formerly nomadic Arabs (Egyptians and Yemenis), and the Saracens as defined by the Christians (Goodspeed, p. 56). The Qur’an does not have the term Arab, instead it uses the term ‘arabiy,’. After the 8th century Islamic conquest, Arabic language was defined as the pure and uncontaminated language of the

Outline and essay of Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Outline and essay of Thomas Jefferson Essay Thomas Jefferson I. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1836) II. A. Education- Was sent to Dover, Virginia, where he studied Latin with Reverend William Douglas until 1757. He was then sent to the school of the Reverend James Maury at Hanover, Virginia, and spent two years studying Greek and Latin classics, history, literature, geography, and natural science. In March 1760 Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary. B. Occupational Background- 1767- Jefferson admitted to the practice of law and became a successful lawyer. Also supervised the Shadwell Plantation. Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Took an active part in events that lead to the American Revolution. 1776- Jefferson took his seat in Congress as an elected delegate and wrote the Declaration of Independence. Served as Secretary of State under Washington and Vice president under Madison. III. Served two terms (1800-1808) IV. Key issues prominent in Election- federal government vs. states rights, westward expansion of the nation, Native Americans, the freedom of lower class white men. V. Opponents A. First Election (1800)- Aaron Burr (Democratic-Republican), John Adams (Federalist), Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist), John Jay (Federalist) B. Second Election (1804)- Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist) VI. Vice President A. 1st term vice- Aaron Burr B. 2nd term vice- George Clinton VII. Political Party of Jefferson- Democratic-Republican VIII. Domestic Happenings A. Louisiana Purchase (1803)- The Louisiana Territory was purchased for 15 million dollars from France. Doubled the size of U.S. secured navigation rights on the Mississippi River. Authorized purchase without making amendment, exercised the presidents implied powers to protect the nation. B. 12th Amendment (1804)- Citizens are to vote for President and Vice President separately. Prevented future electoral crises. C. Non-Importation Act (1807)- prohibited importation from Great Britain of cloth and metal articles. D. Embargo Act (1807)- Stopped shipments of food and other American products to foreign ports. Many were thrown out of work because of it. Was created to maintain U.S. neutrality. Created as a short-term measure to prevent confrontation between American merchant vessels and British and French warships and to put pressure on France and England. E. Non- Intercourse Act (1809)- passed by Jefferson in his last days of office. Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France, and authorized the president to resume trade with Britain or France if either of them ceased to violate neutral rights. IX. Foreign Policy Decisions- Stated under domestic happenings. X. Major Conflict of Administration- A. Tripoli War (1801-05)- A conflict between the United States and Tripoli, incited by American refusal to continue payment of tribute to the piratical rulers of the North African Barbary States of Algiers, Tunis, Morocco, and Tripoli. Involved North Africa, was extension of fight about protection from pirates in Barbary States. B. Marbury v. Madison (1803)- Supreme Court of the United States established its authority to review and invalidate government actions that conflict with the Constitution of the United States. First time that the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional. Established Judicial Review. C. Burr Hamilton Duel (1804)- Hamilton publicly criticized Burr, Burr demanded for an apology and a duel resulted. Hamilton was fatally wounded. D. Republicans attack the federalist judiciary (1804)- Republicans were making every effort to remove federalist judges from power. The house was unable to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. Preserved the Courts independence and established the precedent that criminal actions were the only grounds for impeachment. E. The Chesapeake Incident (1807)- British ship fired upon American ship that refused to be searched for deserters. Three Americans were killed, and eighteen wounded British seized four deserters, three were American citizens. Exposed American military weakness and increased the impact of impressments on the public. Would be the cause of Embargo Act. XI. Major Social Changes- A. Peoples involvement in Politics increased. 90 percent of eligible voters cast ballots between 1804 and 1816. Political barbeques states, and new style of campaigning evolved. B. Slave revolutionist ideas began. C. American Art began to take shape. 1. Rembrandt Peale was one of most famous of first American artists. Was famous for his portraits of American presidents. XII. Major Inventions and Technological Advancements A. Robert Fultons invention the Steamboat, Clermont(1807) makes its debut XIII. Thomas Jefferson was a fairly good president and receives an overall rating of 6.5. His decisions and ideas were sometimes wise and sometimes foolish. Jeffersons main goals were to restore government to its limited role, to extend the Republicans power in the federal government, to establish republican virtues such as independence, self-reliance, and equality, and to reduce the National debt as much as possible. He also wanted to expand the nation and make it as powerful as possible. Like the presidents before him, he also wanted to maintain neutrality, undisturbed commerce, and no entangling alliances. Adams accomplished some of these goals. Initially, the national debt was decreased. Congress repealed all internal taxes, including the Whiskey Tax. Jefferson also declined to use the Alien and Sedition Acts against his opponents, and congress allowed both acts to expire. The Naturalization Act was also replaced with a much less severe one. He refused to recognize any of the appointments Adams made in the last days of his presidency, and awarded vacant treasury and judicial offices to republicans. He succeeded in his goal and got rid of the old Federalist programs he didnt like. As for expansion, the purchase of the Louisiana Territory allowed Jefferson to achieve exactly what he had dreamed of. It also prevented war with France, over the Mississippi River. Accomplishing this goal however, contradicted his goal of eliminating the National debt and strictly abiding by the Constitution. Jeffersons cabinet included Aaron Burr (1801) and George Clinton (1805-1809) as Vice president, James Madison as Secretary of State (1801-1809), Secretary of the Treasury Samuel Dexter (1801) and Albert Gallatin (1801-1809), Secretary of War Henry Dearborn (1801-1809), and Secretary of Navy Robert Smith(1801-1809). Albert Gallatin was one of Jeffersons best  appointments. Gallatin worked to help achieve Jeffersons goals in National budget. He cut the army budget in half and reduced the 1802 Navy budget by two-thirds. Gallatin moved to reduce the national debt from 83 million to 57 million. Robert Smith also had a significant influence. He oversaw the Navy that blockaded Tripoli to win the Tripoli war and also forced the Algiers and Tunis to renounce attacks against Americans. The president chose his cabinet because he believed they were the most qualified and wanted to achieve the same things he did. This was true for the most part, and his cabinet was on his side. The president and congress got along very well. The Republicans were in majority throughout his presidency so Jefferson had no problems with congress. When Jefferson declined using the Alien and Sedition Acts congress let them expire. Congress repealed the Naturalization Act, and created a new one that required less for citizenship. Congress also repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, so Jefferson could appoint a Supreme Court member. Jefferson controlled congress through his leadership of the Republican Party. It was firmly on Jeffersons side and did everything it could to further the republican interest. Jefferson had to deal with domestic and foreign crises. The nations had built up a large debt, which could be called a crisis. Jefferson wanted to reduce the debt as much as possible. At first, he did do this by cutting funding. But with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory the debt only increased. In the seas, Jefferson was faced with a number of problems. Britain was practicing impressments. Senate passed the non-importation act but he suspended it in hopes of a negotiation settlement. Negotiations were unsuccessful so nothing changed. At the time the impressments of sailors wasnt considered a crisis, but the Chesapeake affair made everyone aware. In reaction, Jefferson did not declare war, because he knew Britain had a superior Navy. Instead, he closed American waters to the British, and issued the Non-importation and Embargo Act. War may have been avoided, but by closing all American ports Jefferson created his own new crises. Smuggling resulted and the American economy plumme ted. By issuing the Embargo Act, he hurt his own nation more then his intended targets, Great Britain and  France. Resentment was also created throughout New England, and talk of succession started. To deal with this crisis he created, Jefferson issued the Non-Intercourse Act. The new Act solved the problems created by the embargo, but didnt prevent any of the same problems that prompted it. The issuing of these acts was by far the presidents greatest failure. Although it was a failure, some good did come out of it. Americas industries grew. Forbidden to trade, Americans had to make their own products. The Embargo precipitated the Industrial Revolution. For Jefferson, the crises he dealt with are ones hed rather forget. A minor crisis which Jefferson had to deal with was Aaron Burrs conspiracy, the details of which are still unknown, either to establish an independent republic in the Louisiana Territory or to launch an invasion of Spanish-held Mexico. Jefferson acted swiftly to arrest Burr early in 1807 and brought him to trial for treason. Jefferson is not known as a good president for how he dealt with crises, it is the opposite. As for his accomplishments, the Louisiana Purchase was his greatest success. The territory was vast and benefited the nation in many ways. Not only was war avoided, but a mass amount of land was acquired. Navigation on the Mississippi River was also gained, which was extremely important for trade. This accomplishment was perhaps one of the greatest of any president and administration in American History. Thomas Jefferson was greatly respected by the people of his day. He was well known as a revolutionary leader and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was also known and respected as the governor of Virginia. He truly served the people, and was the first president to lead a political party. Jefferson was a leader, and everyone who knew of him saw him as one. Jefferson was frugal, simple, and fickle. From the beginning, Jefferson made it clear that he wanted to represent the average American, unlike the other presidents before him, he dressed plainly, even at his inauguration. He was frugal in that he cut spending as much as possible, internal taxes were reduced and the military budget was cut, with the exception of the Louisiana Purchase. He was fickle in that he did not hesitate in buying the Louisiana Territory, using Federal power. Jefferson was known to believe in strict interpretation of the Constitution and it did not state that the president  had the authority to acquire new territory and integrate it into the nation. The president and his administration influenced decisions made by future administrations. Jeffersons decision to exercise the implied powers the president has to protect the nation set a precedent for future presidents. Many things Jefferson and his administration did also affected the lives of future generations. The purchase of the Louisiana territory would create a whole new group of people, called frontiersman. People would settle into the area and live new lives. Purchasing the territory, although causing further debt, was the best thing for the country. It would end up being an excellent investment. Jeffersons embargo act, also had a dramatic affect on the future. He did not know at the time, but the embargo Act would enhance Americas industries, and start a whole new trend. When the president made his decisions they were thought through, although not always good ones. The decisions Jefferson made in foreign affairs were mostly correct, because the nation was not ready for war and to stay neutral was the best thing. But Jefferson should have avoided war by using methods other than economic pressure. Jefferson was fairly-open minded and would listen to others. Its hard to say precisely how open-minded he was, because his cabinet and congress agreed with him on just about everything. Overall, Thomas Jefferson was a good president. Although his results were far from perfect at times, his intentions were good.

How organizations manage resistance to change

How organizations manage resistance to change Severe competitive and economic pressures that organizations face today were unthinkable a few decades ago. In order to shed excess costs and to respond more nimbly to customers and competitors, they are being urged to adopt new organizational forms, tightened inter organizational linkages and improved management practices (cf. Miles and Snow 1980, Johnston and Lawrence, 1988). Any change in organization is followed by a kind of resistance from its employees. In this assignment a few methods that can be used to overcome change in the organization are described. Technology developments, social and demographic shifts, competition of changing market and economic issues, tend an organization to implement change in it as well. The rapid and dynamic change in market has increased consumerism. Whether it is an automobile industry or cosmetic industry or IT industry, consumer today has lots of choices these days that they need not have to wait for longer for any product. This changing market scenario imparts a message to managing bodies that the way of work should also change with the changing market. From managerial point of view a change is referred to as change in work pattern, work routine and work culture inside the working atmosphere. Change is normally a reaction to changing commercial, technological, economical, structural and strategic environment in which the company operates (Barbara Senior, Organizational Change). For example; departmentalization, job redesign, implementation of an international division are the examples of structural c hanges whereas work processes, methods and equipments are technological changes. Change should be welcomed as it can produce positive benefits for the individuals, bring opportunities for personal change and development, reduces boredom of work, provides new challenges and an opportunity to participate and shape the outcome. But unfortunately as change is accompanied by resistance, it is very important that the Change Manager anticipate and plan strategies for dealing with resistance not only at the introduction of change but also for monitoring the change over long term (Ronald, G and Smith, J 1995). It is helpful to understand why people resist change, because understanding this allows us to plan strategies to reduce resistance from the beginning. Kotter and Schlesinger identified the basic reasons of resistance to change are communication gap and inadequate information that creates misunderstanding, sense of insecurity, different assessment of situation and disagreement over advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, individuals are more concerned with the implic ations for themselves (Management by Robbins and Coulter). Organizations do not change, individuals do. No matter how large is the project you are taking on, the success of project ultimately lies with each employee doing their work differently multiplied across all of employees impacted by the change (Web 1). Individual barriers to change include- tradition and set ways; loyalty to existing relationships; failure to accept the need for change; insecurity; preference for the existing arrangements; break up of work groups; different person ambitions; fear of power; skills and income; inability to perform as well in the new situation as for example, when quality control methods based on statistical models were introduced into manufacturing units, the quality control department have to learn the new methods. Some may fear that they will be unable to do so and may develop negative attitude towards the change or perform poorly if required to use the new methods. Sometimes change is resisted because of failures in the way it is introduced to the e mployees and the management fails to explain the need for change and its future benefits. Poor employer relations, lack of involvement in process and failure to offer support and training for the introduced change are the other reasons for change resistance (Web 2). Resisting change takes many forms (Web 3) and the more obvious form is of active resistance, objection and refusal to cooperate with the change occurs. Sometimes, resistance appears to be individual and sometimes it is clearly situational. It may be passive in which colleagues agree to a change but are unwilling or unable to implement something new. This subtle form of resistance is dealt with more difficulty. For example, at a staff meeting everyone agrees to follow a new procedure, but after several weeks it is being discovered that the procedure has not been implemented yet. Another example of this kind is the introduction of new computers at the new place but virtually no one is using them for the purpose for which they are intended, since the staff had their own machines. The employee consents to change by agreeing to it but later he only changes to appear cooperative, but in fact he is doing most things the way he was before the change. At the moment the change program is announced, many employees will employ tactics to protect themselves, their turf, and ultimately their place in the organization.  Some will aggressively challenge the necessity for change. This is a time waster and thus prevents critical objectives from being met. Every person who facilitates the change process must work diligently to build consensus. The employee must be assured that every idea is worth considering. If anyone argues, he or she can be asked to explain why he or she feels the way they do and ask for three or four suggestions for making the process work.  Some managers and members of the leadership team will avoid change by passively refusing the commitment to the process. Often these leaders will resist the change effort by being unavailable for meetings, denying resources, or withholding feedback. The leadership is a particularly difficult foe, because change efforts often require the use of resources managed by the l eadership, such as time and money. Without these resources change efforts are likely to fail. Accountability with consequences is the primary means for assuring leadership participation. Many employees and organizational leaders search for personal or professional diversions during the change process that will ultimately hinder the effort. A distracted individual can undermine the change effort by not being present physically or mentally when his or her critical input is needed. Not being mindful of change creates an unnecessarily difficult experience for every member of the team. Such carelessness calls to mind the wasted energy expended when one runs against the wind. Change efforts provide an opportunity for every one affected to secure a new place in the organization or make a decision to seek a better fit elsewhere. Ken Hultman argues that while no-one is a perfect change agent, managers have to be impeccable role models for bringing up a successful change. The essential attributes of such a person include the ability to be a clear thinker who is able to get a view about organizational situation and reach at logical conclusions. Hultman suggests few things in creating the right environment for change to occur. Firstly we must do things to establish a positive climate (p172) and secondly we must attempt to create environmental conditions that encourage an interest in improvement. Managers must demonstrate that how changes will improve employees circumstances and that there are opportunities in the change such as enabling colleagues to increase their knowledge and skills leading to genuine achievements and progress They must cultivate a value for collaborative working among staff and colleagues need each other to complete their tasks, it is easier to develop values of co-operation and mutuality. W hatever are the circumstances management must stay calm. At the heart of Hultmanà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s analysis is a set of humanistic values along with an assumption that one cannot even hope to influence another colleague without firstly demonstrating that they will have their needs met in some way. It is likely to be counterproductive by getting impatient, exasperated and angry. Being a change manager it is his/her duty to reduce the resistance towards change and towards change and to increase the enthusiasm and level of commitment for the change. While likely to encounter the people who resist change, people who welcome change will also be encountered and by knowing the reasons for their acceptance to change, the communication plan will be better formulated. People will accept change when they see possibility that they will gain something from the change. The gain may be either personal like, money; increased job security; status; self satisfaction; less effort and time and gain in better personal contact or other like it provides new challenges, likeness of the source, reduction in boredom etc. In order to reduce resistance to change, the manager should involve people affected by change, actively seeking their thoughts and reactions to proposed changes. They must develop a proper attitude towards resistance to change and realize that it is neither good nor bad. The best way to minimize resistance to change is to involve those responsible for implementing it and those affected by it. People are more motivated towards successful completion when they feel that they are the valued participants in planning and implementing the change. Also ensure that people from all the levels of organization are involved in planning the change process and they should be listened carefully. In the early stages, manager should not launch into lengthy diatribes justifying the change as people are not interested in that. They want to be heard and have their concerns attended to. They must recognize that it takes time to work through reactions to change. Then people should be engaged in dialogue ab out the change. They should do this only after understanding the specific concerns of others completely. Change must be realistic, achievable and measurable. Communication and education is helpful method to sort out the things when resistance is due to lack of information or inappropriate information and analysis. Though time consuming, this method provides great employee support if persuaded. When cause of resistance is difficulty in adjustment to changes, management support and facilitation do work at times. This is expensive and still unreliable way to overcome the change. Manipulation of some information is necessary some times in order to avoid negative reactions by the employee. The people that easily accept changes and get adapted to changing atmosphere can set an example for others and hence they follow the suit. Therefore, they should be the first target of change program. Three basic steps- planning, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes of both the plan and implementation are involved in the change process. Resistance to change should be dealt ideally with planning and early stages of implementation. For proper planning for change, a manager must consider about how and when the change is needed and the way it should be communicated to the employees for their better support. Managers should pay attention to the focus of change, the amount of change, and the rate of change in order to implement change. Evaluation of outcomes of change is also very important as all the change efforts are result oriented. If change is not monitored, its effectiveness cannot be measured. This can be done by collecting data and comparing the results against original goals. To wind up at the end of an interesting discussion we can conclude that a degree of resistance is normal since change is disruptive and stressful but in general, most people have mixed reactions towards purposed change, so the change agents can be helpful in highlighting the positive aspects in realistic manner. Although most people feel comfortable with minor changes, no one can live and work by yesterdayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s reality. Managers must reduce change in very effective, meaningful and healthy way without hurting the sentiments of the employees. By providing resources to support the changes, allowing enough time and flexibility and with the widespread commitment of people throughout the organization, change efforts will succeed. (2) Hultman, K. (1998), Making Change Irresistible: Overcoming resistance to change in your organisation, Davies-Black Publishing, Palo Alto

Who? - Original Writing :: Papers

Who? - Original Writing It seemed like an ordinary night. The soft whine of the wind echoed throughout the vast hall. The lifeless portraits, on the walls, stared gloomily at the centre of the room looking for movement. The distant moon shone down through the skylight flooding the smooth marble floor with moonlight. Suddenly a â€Å"click† popped out of the darkness, and then the old rusted basement door creaked open. A tall man stood in the doorway; he wore worn blue jeans and a brown leather jacket which had faded with age. He had short jet-black hair and small green eagle like eyes. In his right hand he held a newspaper, the headline read â€Å"Baffling Bodies in Bristol,† in his left he held a radio. He slowly scanned across before he eventually entered. A voice suddenly escaped from the radio and echoed off the walls â€Å"Hello, Trevor did you find it then?† Trevor held the radio up to his mouth and whispered â€Å"No, you must have left it somewhere else.† He continued to make his way across the room, â€Å"Okay, thanks for looking anyway,† came the reply. Trevor placed the chunky radio into his back pocket and headed toward a door labelled â€Å"Security.† Suddenly there was a great â€Å"BOOM,† from outside. Trevor jumped out of his skin. His heart was pounding like a drum. He leant against the wall and took a deep breath. â€Å"Calm down it’s only a bit of thunder,† he muttered to himself â€Å"get you together.† He took another deep breath and then exited through the nearby door. The security room was very dimly lit. Two rusted lockers stood against the faded brown wall next to an old office. A pile of small monitors sat on the desk next to a miniature black lamp. Trevor sat down on one of the wooden chairs next the desk; he placed the newspaper and radio on its scratched surface. He then took a pack of cigarettes and a lighter out of his jacket pocket. He placed a cigarette between his lips and lit the end; he inhaled then blew a poisonous cloud of smoke

Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender Essay

The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender is crime novel about contemporary Australian life, written with all the ambiguity and moral sophistication of most â€Å"who dun-nits â€Å". It looks like crime, and sounds like crime, and sells like crime, but — it’s Literature! Its Opening is a subversion of the genre – a reversal of expectation as we are duped into believing this is your typical male private eye (P. I. ). The role reversal – a female in a traditional male dominated field; women can do everything men can do – challenges the stereotypes of traditional crime fiction. Purpose: (themes, concerns, issues main ideas†¦.) 1. To create a sense of place — Sydney. Marele Day had spent four years travelling the world and when she came back to Sydney recognised its special charm and atmosphere. She became determined to write a book about it and its special appeal. a) Find references to Sydney, favourable and unfavourable. * what aspects are emphasized? * In totality how does Day present Sydney? * what are the links with the past? * what is meant by the â€Å"facade of Sydney’? 2. Corruption and suspicion vs probity and trust. 3. Effect of technology — have we become dehumanised? Will technology take over from humans? * What is the relationship between humanity and technology? 4. Isolation — Most of the characters are isolated in one way or another. * Find as many examples of isolation as possible. * What overall comment is made about isolation? * Is there a connection between it and technology? II. TECHNIQUE 1. Day uses a lot of the technique of modern day films – especially the â€Å"black and white† scenes on Harry Lavender. How is he portrayed? He is very detached and aloof. We the audience get to see and hear what Claudia is not privy to. Are these extracts from the book Mark Bannister was writing? 2. Comment on Claudia Valentine’s PhrasingÃ'Ž Claudia speaks in the manner of a hard-boiled worldly wise Private Investigator (P. I. ). slick, glib, swaggering, at times sassy (cheeky) and sometimes tongue in cheek. â€Å"Live fast, die young, and leave a good looking corpse† (22) â€Å"I was changing cars more often than I changed my underwear† (101) â€Å"But it’s one â€Å"It’ll be dead end if you don’t. Now move† (162) Word Play Double entendre (meaning) â€Å"It must have been a plant. † â€Å"A lavender plant. † (126) â€Å"Terminal illness† (6, 17, 20, â€Å"Alter, (141†¦ â€Å"curse, cursor (143†¦ heart ( 55, â€Å"waiting for the developers to give them a new lease of life, or maybe just a new lease. † (69) Humour â€Å"wit† â€Å"I wait for bald men to pass by and ash on their heads (23) one of the former and two of the latter, and the former is former† her reply to Steve regarding her marital status. ( 27) â€Å"You put it away, Otto, you don’t know where it’s been. † â€Å"That’s the trouble,† he moaned, it hasn’t been anywhere lately. (53) social commentary â€Å"Divorced? † â€Å"Isn’t everyone? † (27) â€Å"I had made a mistake getting into a car with a law-abiding policeman† â€Å"You young folk are always in a hurry,† she said managing a smile. (45) â€Å"pollution and syringes (54), women (54), fast food (68)Ã'Ž

Free Essays on White Privilege

Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri... Free Essays on White Privilege Free Essays on White Privilege Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri...

Free Essays on Tuesdays Wtih Morrie

Mitch Albom’s, Tuesdays With Morrie, is a sentimental story full of life lessons. The story touches your heart with the meaningful conversations between Morrie and his former student Mitch. Mitch has just found out that Morrie is dying. In the final months of Morrie’s life Mitch visits Morrie every Tuesday, just as he had done in college. Morrie is one of my favorite characters yet. He is a kind, sweet, and gentle man. He’s also a very smarty and educated man who in is age has become wise. Morrie has found out that he is dying and wants to share everything he’s learned in life with someone. That someone is his favorite student, Mitch. On the first Tuesday they meet they talk about the world. Morrie states in the conversation that, â€Å"Love is the only rational act.† It’s funny how things like love; family, friends, and a sunny day take on new meaning at the end of your life. Morrie was dying from Lou Gehrig’s disease, a brutal, unforgiving illness of the neurological system. This disease has no cure and becomes very painful. Still even in the worst stages of the disease Morrie never feels sorry for himself. Some people spend their whole lives feeling sorry for themselves. Always dwelling on things they didn’t succeed at or didn’t get. Morrie wants Mitch to know the importance of not feeling sorry for yourself. Just move on and don’t worry about it is Morrie’s advice. No one likes people who are full of self-pity, they are no fun. Throughout the book Morrie’s health declines and his conversations with Mitch became more personal and heartfelt. On the sixth Tuesday Morrie and Mitch talk about emotions. This is a topic men don’t usually discuss. Morrie is not your ordinary man though. Morrie explains to Mitch how important it is to completely feel and go through every emotion you feel. This is in Morrie’s opinion, the only way you can deal with anything your feeling. Like the hear... Free Essays on Tuesday's Wtih Morrie Free Essays on Tuesday's Wtih Morrie Mitch Albom’s, Tuesdays With Morrie, is a sentimental story full of life lessons. The story touches your heart with the meaningful conversations between Morrie and his former student Mitch. Mitch has just found out that Morrie is dying. In the final months of Morrie’s life Mitch visits Morrie every Tuesday, just as he had done in college. Morrie is one of my favorite characters yet. He is a kind, sweet, and gentle man. He’s also a very smarty and educated man who in is age has become wise. Morrie has found out that he is dying and wants to share everything he’s learned in life with someone. That someone is his favorite student, Mitch. On the first Tuesday they meet they talk about the world. Morrie states in the conversation that, â€Å"Love is the only rational act.† It’s funny how things like love; family, friends, and a sunny day take on new meaning at the end of your life. Morrie was dying from Lou Gehrig’s disease, a brutal, unforgiving illness of the neurological system. This disease has no cure and becomes very painful. Still even in the worst stages of the disease Morrie never feels sorry for himself. Some people spend their whole lives feeling sorry for themselves. Always dwelling on things they didn’t succeed at or didn’t get. Morrie wants Mitch to know the importance of not feeling sorry for yourself. Just move on and don’t worry about it is Morrie’s advice. No one likes people who are full of self-pity, they are no fun. Throughout the book Morrie’s health declines and his conversations with Mitch became more personal and heartfelt. On the sixth Tuesday Morrie and Mitch talk about emotions. This is a topic men don’t usually discuss. Morrie is not your ordinary man though. Morrie explains to Mitch how important it is to completely feel and go through every emotion you feel. This is in Morrie’s opinion, the only way you can deal with anything your feeling. Like the hear...

The 9 Best Criminal Justice Schools

The 9 Best Criminal Justice Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you passionate about law and preventing crime?Curious about how punishment and prisons work? Then a criminal justice degreewould probably be a good fitfor you. But how can you find good criminal justice schools to apply to? In this article, we go over what criminal justice schools are, why people choose to earn degrees in the field, and how you can learn to identify top criminal justice schools, both in-person and online. We then give you a list of our picks for the nine best criminal justice schools. What Is Criminal Justice? Overview Before we look at the best criminal justice schools, let’s go over what exactly the criminal justice field entails. Criminal justice is the study of the criminal justice system, which includes law enforcement, correctional facilities and institutions (e.g., jails, prisons, and juvenile detention centers), criminal courts, and all the roles within these systems. Criminal justice degrees differ from degrees in criminology. Criminology is a social/behavioral science that focuses on the scientific study of delinquency and crime,including why people commit crimes and how we might be able to prevent them. On the other hand, criminal justice focuses more on the practical side, including what types of crimes take place, how courts and prisons work, the role of the police, etc. Despite the differences between these two fields, there's often some overlapin terms of topics and courses. Some schools offer degrees that combine both criminal justice and criminology. For example, the University of Missouri- St. Louis offersa BS in Criminology and Criminal Justice. What Are Criminal Justice Schools? For the sake of this article, we'll be defining criminal justice schools as any institutions that offer a criminal justice degree program (and usually a criminal justice department or college). You can look for criminal justice schools in a specific area of the US using the website All Criminal Justice Schools. Just type inyour zip codeto get a list of schoolsthat have criminal justice degrees. Alternatively, you can browse criminal justice schools by state onCriminal Justice Degree Schools. Criminal justice schools generally offer a mix of criminal justice degrees, which can include certificates/diplomas, associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, master’s degrees, and doctorates in criminal justice or a related field. Many criminal justice schools also have the option to earn a degree in criminal justice entirely online. This can be convenient for those who find it difficult to attend classes in-person and who would prefer the flexibility of an online program. So what exactly do you learn in a criminal justice program? You’ll usually cover topics that span the broader fields of sociology, psychology, political science, philosophy, and public administration. Most criminal justice programs require you to take classes on the American legal system, judicial administration, the police, legal issues, ethical concerns, and juvenile delinquency. Many criminal justice majors move on to a career in law enforcement. Why Go to a Criminal Justice School? Many people choose to attend criminal justice schools to not only learn about the criminal justice system, but to also get a job that utilizes the knowledge and skills they’ve acquired in their degree program. A degree in criminal justice can help prepare you for any of the following jobs: Bailiff CIA agent Correctional officer Crime scene investigator DEA agent FBI agent Fraud investigator Police officer Private detective Probation officer Secret Service agent Security guard State trooper Though many of these jobs require just a high school diploma, having an associate or bachelor's degree in criminal justice could help you stand out from candidates and raise your potential for higher wages and promotions. Moreover, some people get a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice to lay the foundation for getting a graduate degree in a related field such aslaw. The following tabledepictsthe median salaries for various criminal justice-related jobs, along with each job's minimum required degree and employment growth rate for the years 2016-2026. Data comes from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Jobs are arranged from highest salary to lowest. Note that theaverage employment growth rate is 7% for all jobs,so any job that has a rate higher than this is growing faster than average. Job Title Minimum Degree Required Median Salary (2018) Job Outlook (2016-2026) Lawyers Doctoral or professional degree $120,910 8% Sociologists Master’s or doctoral degree $82,050 1% Police and Detectives High school diploma or college degree $63,380 7% Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Master’s or doctoral degree $61,900 15% (all postsecondary teachers) Forensic Science Technicians Bachelor’s degree $58,230 17% Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists Bachelor’s degree $53,020 6% Private Detectives and Investigators High school diploma $50,090 11% Correctional Officers and Bailiffs High school diploma $44,400 -7% Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers High school diploma $28,530 6% As you can see above, generally speaking, the more education you have, the higher the salary you’re likely to earn. This isn’t just true for the criminal justice field but for all fields. According to a BLS report, there's a clear trend with grad-degree holders making more money on average than bachelor's and associate degree holders. Furthermore, bachelor’s and associate degree holders typically make more than those with only a high school diploma. Which Criminal Justice Schools Should You Apply To? Now that we’ve gone over what kinds of jobs you can get with a criminal justice degree, let’s take a look at how you can figure out which criminal justice schools and programs are top-quality. A great criminal justice school will have most or all of the following qualities: A department or college specializing in criminal justice or criminology A variety of criminal justice-related classes Faculty with expertise in criminal justice and related topics, such as sociology and psychology A high graduation rate Professional and/or research opportunities Generally speaking, there is no notable difference in quality between a traditional in-person criminal justice program and an online one. If you prefer the idea of earning your bachelor’s or master’s degree online, (accredited!) criminal justice online schools can be a great choice. I suggest browsing the US News list of the best graduate online criminal justice programs to get a feel for what schools offer strong online programs. Most high-quality criminal justice schools offer equally high-quality online programs. These can be either bachelor’s or master’s programs. Note that you cannot earn a doctorate through criminal justice online schools. Any school offering this option is most likely a scam and won’t actually reward you with a legitimate doctorate. If you decide to get your criminal justice degree online, great! Just be aware that there are a few disadvantages to doing so. For one, you likely won’t get to network as much with professors and students as you would with a traditional program. Secondly, some employers might look down on an online degree (though this really depends on the employer- most should not care how you got your degree as long as it’s legitimate!). Overall, there are a lot of factors that go into picking the right criminal justice program for you.Now, let’s take a look at the best criminal justice schools, both in-person and online. The 9 Best Criminal Justice Schools, In-Person and Online There are many criminal justice schools in the US, both in-person and online. But which ones are the best? We’ve looked through several rankings lists of the best criminal justice schools to come up with our own list below ofnine top criminal justice schools. These criminal justice schools were judged primarily on the following factors: Rankings of traditional and online programs by websites such as Niche and US News Overall program/school reputation and prestige Whether or not the school has a dedicated department or school to criminal justice studies Diversity of majors and courses offered in criminal justice and related fields Breadth of faculty's areas of expertise Note that the nine criminal justice schools below are not listed in any particular order. Also, these schools include grad programs as well as online programs in criminal justice and related fields. CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice- New York, NY A premier criminal justice school, the CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice is home to 13,000 undergraduates, 41% of whom are majoring in criminal justice. Other popular majors include criminology and forensic psychology. John Jay offers many criminal justice majors,with concentrationsranging from crime control and prevention to theory and practice. Moreover, several criminal justice graduate programs are available.At the master's level, you can study criminal justice, international crime and justice, and forensic psychology, among several other related programs. At the doctoral level, your options arecriminal justice or psychology. Lastly, John Jay Online- the college’s distance-learning branch- allows you to earnan MA in either Criminal Justice or International Crime and Justice entirely online. Northeastern University- Boston, MA Established in 1967, Northeastern’s School of Criminology and Criminal Justice is a top institution for criminal justice studies. Here, students get the benefit of smaller-sized classes and have the opportunity to work directly with faculty on research projects. Professors specialize in a variety of criminal justice-related topics, from criminal law and terrorism to trafficking, juvenile justice, and incarceration. What's more, the interdisciplinary array of majors and minors allows you to combine criminal justice withother fieldssuch as computer science, psychology, cybersecurity, and political science. The school offersa criminal justice student advisory council and honor society, as well as a variety ofcriminal justice MS, JD, and PhD programs. Pennsylvania State University- University Park, PA Penn State’s Department of Sociology and Criminologyis home toone of the best criminology programs in the country (ranked #5 by US News). With this highly ranked bachelor’s program, you’ll learn everything there is to know for launching a career in criminal justice. Topics of study fall more along the lines of sociology, including why people commit crimes, the criminal justice system, and social research methods. There are two options for majors at this school: BA in Criminology, which focuses on providing students withabroad liberal arts education BS in Criminology, which helps students develop stronger science and research skills If you would prefer to major in criminal justice specifically, Penn State offers atop-ranked online Criminal Justice BS program. With this program, you’ll not only study criminology but also ethics, law, policing, alternatives to incarceration, and security. Michigan State University (Jeffness/Wikimedia Commons) Michigan State University - East Lansing, MI Another well-regardedcriminal justice school, MSU’s School of Criminal Justicegives students the option to earn a BS in Criminal Justice. This bachelor's program offers an impressive breadth of classesin topics such as criminology, investigation procedure, policing, juvenile justice, private security, corrections, violence against women, and cyber-crime. MSU also offers four study abroad programs- specificallyfor criminal justice students- in the Caribbean, Australia, Madagascar, and the Philippines. In terms of graduate study, your options include two master’s programs (in either criminal justice or forensic science) and acriminal justice doctoral program.You could alsoenroll in MSU’s online criminal justice master’s program, which is ranked #10 by US News on its online graduate criminal justice programs list. University of Cincinnati- Cincinnati, OH At UC’s School of Criminal Justice, you can major/minor in criminal justice or paralegal studies. The former is an interdisciplinary program that prepares students to work as court administrators, parole officers, criminal investigators, risk managers,etc. It isalso available entirely online, so if you can’t make it to campus, you’re in luck! In addition to these two undergraduate majors, certificates are available in the more specialized areas offorensic populations, cybersecurity, and correctional rehabilitation. UC also offersa master’s (in-person or online) and a doctoral program in criminal justice.UC is currently ranked #8 by US News for best online graduate criminal justice programs. University of California, Irvine- Irvine, CA UC Irvine’s Department of Criminology, Law, and Society offers prestigious undergraduate and graduate criminal justice programs that consistently top US News ranking lists (including Best Online Graduate Criminal Justice Programs, on which UCI is currently ranked #2). The interdisciplinary department is the only criminology department among the UC schools, and it combines the study of criminology with law and society. The faculty here specializes inan array of subject areas, including psychology and law, race and justice, and gangs and crime. The bachelor’s program in criminology, law, and society offers classes that cover a multitude of topics, such as social media and law, juvenile delinquency, law and inequality, gender and social control, and immigration and crime. It also stresses the importance of field study, often placing students in police departments, probation agencies, and public defenders’ offices. Lastly, UCI offers a doctoral program in criminology, law, and society, as well as two online master’s programs: a Master of Advanced Study in Criminology, Law, and Society; and a Master of Legal and Forensic Psychology. Sam Houston State University (J. Stephen Conn/Flickr) Sam Houston State University- Huntsville, TX Located about an hour north of Houston, Sam Houston’s College of Criminal Justice offers a large array of criminal justice courses (both in-person and online), the opportunity to study at local research institutes, and numerous criminal justice scholarships. The school has tons of undergraduate and graduate degree programs,including the following: BA/BS in Criminal Justice BA/BS in Victim Studies MA/MS in Criminal Justice MS in Forensic Science PhD in Criminal Justice You can also earn your degree online here.Criminal justice programs offered online include the BA/BS in Criminal Justice, MS in Criminal Justice, and MS in Homeland Security Management. Sam Houston is currentlyranked #3 by US Newsfor its online graduate criminal justice programs. Florida State University - Tallahassee, FL The Florida State College of Criminology and Criminal Justice is home toexcellentcriminology and criminal justice programs.Currently,FSUis ranked #6 by US News for its online graduate criminal justice programs and #5 on the list ofbest criminology schools. FSUprovides students withnumerous opportunities for real-world research through its Center for Criminology and Public Policy Research. It also works in association with the Pat Thomas Law Enforcement Academy so that students interested in becoming police officers can earn their State Officer Certifications along with their degrees. Here, you can earn a bachelor’s in criminology and criminal justice in either a traditional or online program. Master’s and doctoral degrees in criminology and criminal justice are offered too; these include a fully online master’s and a one-year MS in Criminology. University of Maryland- College Park, MD Home to the #1 ranked criminology program in the nation, UMD’s Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice is a fantastic choice for a criminal justice education. In the BA in Criminology and Criminal Justice program, students take a variety of classes, covering topics such as corrections, policing, courts and sentences, and criminological theory. UMD's master’s degree program prepares students for careers in private non-profit agencies, the government, and research institutes, while its PhD program aims to help students become criminal justice scholars and teachers. Conclusion: The Best Criminal Justice Schools Criminal justice is a popular field of study because it can open up doors to a variety of jobs in law, government, security, etc. While similar to criminology, criminal justice is more about the study of the criminal justice system itself and less about why people commit crimes. Criminal justice schools are any schools that offer a criminal justice major- and better yet, a criminal justice department or school. There are many kinds of criminal justice degrees, from associate degrees to doctorates. You can also study an array of related fields at criminal justice schools, such as criminology, criminal law, forensic science, sociology, and paralegal studies. The best criminal justice schools will have a dedicated criminal justice department, lots of criminal justice-related courses, and stellar faculty.Furthermore,criminal justice online schools can be just as good as, if not better than, traditional criminal justice schools.Soif you’d rather earn your degree online, there are plenty of options out there! Afterresearching dozens of colleges,we came up with a list of the nine best criminal justice schools. These schools are excellent options forall types of students, whether you would rather earn a bachelor’s degree or a graduate degree, or prefer to study online over in-person. In no particular order, here again are the nine best criminal justice schools: CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice Northeastern University Pennsylvania State University Michigan State University University of Cincinnati University of California, Irvine Sam Houston State University Florida State University University of Maryland No matter which of these schools you end up going to, you're sure to get an amazing criminal justice education! What’s Next? Lots of people who study criminal justice go into criminal law. Get the rundown ofhow pre-law works and what you can do to prepare for law school, one step at a time. Want more lists of the best schools and programs?Then check outthebestpre-med schools, the best graphic design schools, and the best architecture schools.

Managing Workplace Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing Workplace Diversity - Essay Example However what happens is something that is totally out of the related contexts. People get harassed by a number of issues – gender based, racial, age wise or any other. However, for the sake of discussion regarding this paper, an important aspect of race has been pinpointed and the same has been elaborated upon within the workplace dimensions in the changing business scenarios of present times. The workplace diversity discussions therefore would be the prime objective here as these will be linked in close association with how the element of race is propagated, used, misused and later on philosophically handled for restoring the sanity of the organization. Definition of Workplace Diversity It is first and foremost to define what workplace diversity basically entails within it. ... Within a workplace realm, it is mandatory for the employers to bring about a culture that easily accepts people from different groups, communities and societies so to speak. This is because it will set a good precedent for the company under consideration, and give it the required mileage as and when needed. It will also tell the organization where it has to beef up on its diversity related aspects when there is a dire need to set things right, and bring about an iota of difference within the related ranks. Issues Surrounding Workplace Diversity Workplace diversity does have a number of issues that are brought under its aegis. When the employees are being shabbily treated due to their family or ancestral backgrounds, there is the important discussion of race which is brought to the fore (Cable & Yu, 2011). When there are impending issues due to age aspects of the employees, the age factor is given consideration and when there are gender related biases happening at the workplace, the e lement of gender is given more significance than can be thought of. What is absolutely abysmal is the view that all such problems are brought to the fore in one context or the other, whereby they hamper the smooth communication and interaction mechanisms which take place within an organization and create significant issues within the diversity that has thus been created all this while. In fact, this workplace diversity takes the backseat and the eventual beating at the hands of those employees who have evil or ulterior motives right from the very beginning. The communication domains within the organization are important because if the racial discriminatory aspects come to the fore, these could bring about serious anomalies within the organization. If the

Primary Hypertension Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Primary Hypertension - Research Paper Example er is an insight into the risk factors that could result in essential hypertension as well as an elaborate description of how interdisciplinary collaboration can reverse these modifiable risk factors thereby enhancing healthcare of patients. The paper also summarizes an education plan that can help patients reverse these modifiable essential hypertension risk factors. Several risk factors associated with hypertension exist. Do et. al. (2014) while basing their study on a sampled Vietnamese population espouse that the most prevalent risk factors to hypertension include overweight and obesity, lack of physical activity and increased consumption of alcoholic beverages. Similar findings have also been established by the American Heart Association (2015) with the above statistics also reflective of the American population risks of hypertension. An individual whose body mass index lies between 25 and 30 is considered overweight and one with a BMI above 30 is obese. Having excess weight imposes more strain on the heart, raises blood cholesterol and exposing one to increased blood pressure. Regular and excess consumption of alcohol can lead to a drastic increase in blood pressure beyond the normal levels, and can lead to heart failure, stroke or irregular heartbeats. An individual should therefore avoid alcohol completely or in the even that that is impossible, then such an individual should take small and regulated amounts of alcohol for healthy living. Do et. al. also established that chances of hypertension cases in adults are elevated by lack of physical activity. Living a sedentary life with no exercise whatsoever increases the chances of an individual becoming a victim of high blood pressure, heart and blood vessel diseases. Interdisciplinary collaboration in tackling hypertension risk factors is central to effective patient care. Wakabayashi and Groschner (2013) espouse that for better efficacy in utilizing this approach, it should entail collaborative efforts

You decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

You decide - Essay Example According to the Turkish Cultural Foundation (2011), he obtained a master’s degree on the art of sculpture from Hacettepe University (2005) and completed his PhD with proficiency in arts (2009). Currently, he is based in Ankara mainly specializing in sculpture and video art. The principle message of this artwork is to highlight on the fact that how human made tools, representing science and technology, attempt to mould our natural world in an amusing but thought provoking way. The visual appearance of the artwork is surrealistic and illusive (please see the Appendix). Color combination is most important. The color of wood and other common, dull colors like black and brown gives the clothespin (which acts like a sort of central character) a real life tool. However, its size gives rise to a surrealist impression. The landscape below and around is green, and the background of the park is utterly pleasant. The combination of the clothespin and the crest of green earth gives the visual art a humorous, illusive, yet thought provoking look. As a whole, the presentation appears to be whimsical. But the technical aspects are quite complicated since the artist aims at using the space around the object in a peculiar way. There is only one object in the visual text, but the modeling of the landscape and other parts of the greenery around the artwork cleverly utilize space. In answering the question that how the elements in the image convey the message; we have to recapitulate the message itself. The message emphasizes the fact that human made tools, representing science and technology, attempt to mould our natural world in a funny but thought provoking way. The main object of the visual text, the clothespin, is the most important conveyor of this idea. The clothespin has normal appearance, looks, colors, and shape. However, it has a very big size. This anomaly regarding size shows how humans boast of their

Sports Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sports Management - Essay Example The growth of sports as an industry is well recognized today and a large number of business schools are offering specialized instructions in the subject. The vistas in sports management are also ever increasing ranging from management of facilities to sponsorships, media and event management. Sports management thus is a great career for today as well as tomorrow, which will prove to be an empowering and enabling experience for personal and professional growth. Sports management has evolved with the evolution of civilization. It is common knowledge that the first organized competitive sports were the Olympic Games in Greece in ancient times. English premier league football clubs as Manchester United founded in the late 19th Century have progressed as sporting institutions successfully by combining business acumen with sporting excellence over the years denoting the benefits of professional management in the field of sports. (http://www.manutd.com/supportersunited). Evolution of towns and cities is said to be the main factor influencing growth of organized sports industry the World over. (www.louisville.edu). Cities enabled rationalization and organization of sports as also developing specializations within. The career opportunities too came about with even relatively small cities as Louisville centrally located between larger cities as Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville and St Louis abounding in opportunities for sports management. Over t he years, it is America which has led the way with recreational athletic pastimes contributing to development of sports as an industry. (www.louisville.edu). Professional governance of sports has also seen emergence of specialized business management courses in various American universities. Stanford, Wharton and Harvard and the alumni of these establishments join prestigious sports organizations as the National Football League (NFL). (Jeffrey : 2006) It is a common fallacy that mere expertise or interest in sports will enable charting a career in sports management. (Matt: 2006). Apart from the general areas of management, sports requires training in a number of diverse fields to include sports promotion, ticket sales management, public relations and media management, management of sports facilities, agency of professional athletes, directing sports institutes and also management of sports governing bodies. These skills have to supplement the traditional training identified with sports management that of managing events. (careers.cua.edu). Thus specialized coursed have been designed to provide a great career in the arena of sports management. (Alsop : 2005). While experience in sports will help, it is hard work and drive along with organization, management and people relationship which will provide the skills to excel in this field as per Jesse Krebs president and CEO of Minneapolis-based The Wrestling Mall, an online retailer of wrestling merchandise and equipment. Becky Heidesch, a veteran in the sports industry expressed similar views and highlighted the need for basic knowledge of business to include sales, marketing, sponsorship, licensing and so on for success in the long run. (Matt :2006). The spread of the sports industry is not only based in just a niche geographical area but is spread

Open Source Software Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open Source Software - Research Paper Example Moreover, one more example includes Amazon .com minimizing information technology expenditures from $71 million to $54 million by replacing their business automation software with open source applications (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). Similarly, sabre holdings were able to save more than $10 billion dollars by deploying MySQL that is an open source database (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). As these open source software are free of cost, organizations started replacing legacy systems with open source products. This trend has forced hardware and software vendors along with proprietary technology vendors to offer value added services associated with open source products. After discussing all these advantages associated with open source software, one question comes in mind i.e. what is the purpose of spending money on proprietary software, and why do some companies do this? The answer is probably because they do not know that an open source meeting all their needs ex ists. For example, an open source enterprise resource planning application for Small medium business can be a cost saving alternative for expensive ERP systems such as SAP and Oracle. Moreover, open source business intelligence and analysis software such as Jasper reports and Pehanto are available today (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). However, the existence of these open source applications does not ensure proficient after sales or maintenance support and their functionality that can be catered by a consultant or advisory service. Likewise, these open source software are volunteered without proper marketing strategies possibly because of their low budget. A comparison between an open source application and MS office is demonstrated in Table 1.1 below: Table 1.1 Source: ("Jet-Computing.com  » Linux Mint "), (Crammond) After discussing benefits for open source software, we will now discuss the barriers for organizations adopting open source software. The first factor is th e knowledge barrier, as discussed before, lack of available support, consultants, customization and lack of business knowledge for aligning the application with business objectives. The second barrier is a lack of integration with the legacy software and hardware. Likewise, Forking is another barrier because open source software is coded by different groups of people and may not integrate with other open source software. Moreover, the technology associated with open source software is immature i.e. not tested nor does it have a successful history. However, in order to overcome these challenges, organizations must train their staff and hire third party support and maintenance services. Moreover, for eliminating integration issues with legacy systems, middleware can be used for supporting integration functions. Furthermore, for addressing forking, self-resolving capabilities with the aid of self-managed standards is required. In addition, to address software immaturity, organizations must follow open source software maturity models and white papers for proper evaluation. Works Cited Crammond, Tony. "Head to Head: Office 2010 vs. Open Office 3.1 | IT PRO Reviews " 13/3/2010 2010. Web. 3/12/2012 . "Jet-Computing.com  » Linux Mint "Web. 3/12/2012

Jane's Asylum Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jane's Asylum Research - Essay Example Jane does not wish to do this because her father is abusive to her. She wishes to remain a resident of the U.S., and her uncle in California will become her legal guardian. In order for this to occur, a petition for asylum will need to be filed. While we know that this is the course of action that needs to be taken, there are some present issues that need to be addressed. First, there is the issue of how the petition will need to be filed. According to the Department of justice and other reliable sources, only the parent can file the petition (2002; the City University of New York, 2008; Migration & Refugee Services, 2010). Then, there is the issue of whether or not her uncle can serve as her legal guardian, as refugees under the age of twenty-one are still considered to be children (Refugee Info, 2010; Immihelp ®.com, 1999-2010). Finally, there is the issue of misrepresentation. If a case involving an immigrant is misrepresented, there will be severe consequences for the misrepresentation (Honore, 2005; U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs, 2009). To be sure that we carefully address each of these issues, a thorough research plan will need to be put into place, making sure that each issue is given careful considerati on. This will be done in the following ways: www.refugeeinfo.org Being that this site is devoted to helping refugees, this will be an excellent resource, since Jane is considered to be a refugee and will need to follow the same process that refugee’s do, in order for her to continue to reside in the U.S. legally. Jane’s rights will only be best defended if we have the proper information about the laws regarding the petition of asylum, as well as concerning the proper processes that will need to be followed. Because knowledge is power, it is important that we have as much of it as possible to insure success of this case. Such knowledge can

Sports Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sports Management - Essay Example The growth of sports as an industry is well recognized today and a large number of business schools are offering specialized instructions in the subject. The vistas in sports management are also ever increasing ranging from management of facilities to sponsorships, media and event management. Sports management thus is a great career for today as well as tomorrow, which will prove to be an empowering and enabling experience for personal and professional growth. Sports management has evolved with the evolution of civilization. It is common knowledge that the first organized competitive sports were the Olympic Games in Greece in ancient times. English premier league football clubs as Manchester United founded in the late 19th Century have progressed as sporting institutions successfully by combining business acumen with sporting excellence over the years denoting the benefits of professional management in the field of sports. (http://www.manutd.com/supportersunited). Evolution of towns and cities is said to be the main factor influencing growth of organized sports industry the World over. (www.louisville.edu). Cities enabled rationalization and organization of sports as also developing specializations within. The career opportunities too came about with even relatively small cities as Louisville centrally located between larger cities as Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville and St Louis abounding in opportunities for sports management. Over t he years, it is America which has led the way with recreational athletic pastimes contributing to development of sports as an industry. (www.louisville.edu). Professional governance of sports has also seen emergence of specialized business management courses in various American universities. Stanford, Wharton and Harvard and the alumni of these establishments join prestigious sports organizations as the National Football League (NFL). (Jeffrey : 2006) It is a common fallacy that mere expertise or interest in sports will enable charting a career in sports management. (Matt: 2006). Apart from the general areas of management, sports requires training in a number of diverse fields to include sports promotion, ticket sales management, public relations and media management, management of sports facilities, agency of professional athletes, directing sports institutes and also management of sports governing bodies. These skills have to supplement the traditional training identified with sports management that of managing events. (careers.cua.edu). Thus specialized coursed have been designed to provide a great career in the arena of sports management. (Alsop : 2005). While experience in sports will help, it is hard work and drive along with organization, management and people relationship which will provide the skills to excel in this field as per Jesse Krebs president and CEO of Minneapolis-based The Wrestling Mall, an online retailer of wrestling merchandise and equipment. Becky Heidesch, a veteran in the sports industry expressed similar views and highlighted the need for basic knowledge of business to include sales, marketing, sponsorship, licensing and so on for success in the long run. (Matt :2006). The spread of the sports industry is not only based in just a niche geographical area but is spread

Jane's Asylum Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jane's Asylum Research - Essay Example Jane does not wish to do this because her father is abusive to her. She wishes to remain a resident of the U.S., and her uncle in California will become her legal guardian. In order for this to occur, a petition for asylum will need to be filed. While we know that this is the course of action that needs to be taken, there are some present issues that need to be addressed. First, there is the issue of how the petition will need to be filed. According to the Department of justice and other reliable sources, only the parent can file the petition (2002; the City University of New York, 2008; Migration & Refugee Services, 2010). Then, there is the issue of whether or not her uncle can serve as her legal guardian, as refugees under the age of twenty-one are still considered to be children (Refugee Info, 2010; Immihelp ®.com, 1999-2010). Finally, there is the issue of misrepresentation. If a case involving an immigrant is misrepresented, there will be severe consequences for the misrepresentation (Honore, 2005; U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs, 2009). To be sure that we carefully address each of these issues, a thorough research plan will need to be put into place, making sure that each issue is given careful considerati on. This will be done in the following ways: www.refugeeinfo.org Being that this site is devoted to helping refugees, this will be an excellent resource, since Jane is considered to be a refugee and will need to follow the same process that refugee’s do, in order for her to continue to reside in the U.S. legally. Jane’s rights will only be best defended if we have the proper information about the laws regarding the petition of asylum, as well as concerning the proper processes that will need to be followed. Because knowledge is power, it is important that we have as much of it as possible to insure success of this case. Such knowledge can

Internship Essay Example for Free

Internship Essay Getting an opportunity to work with Crown Global Consulting, LLC as an intern was a great accomplishment for me owing to the great value the internship has afforded me. Contrary to what I had expected, the company, located in Lincoln, offers me with the opportunity to interact with other organizations and to virtually do all that is in line with human resource management, employee relations, and career development. I started off with a formal interview with the company’s human resources manager; and having applied for the internship via the internet I was a bit surprised when the interview centered on my personal as well as professional skills. Specifically, the company needed an intern capable of leading, deciding, informing, advising, managing problems and evaluating results. In my opinion, my military and international travel experience is what convinced the manager to take me on board. Discussion I started my internship in May 2010 and I hope to finish it in December 2010. As part of my learning objects, I will be involved in supporting the HR manager in employee recognition programs and career development. To achieve this, I work closely with the HR manager and so get to learn a lot about the different ways through which companies reward their employees. In most cases, the employees are rewarded for their outstanding performance, excellent attendance records each year, participation in activities sponsored by the company, and volunteering their service for the agencies that the company is involved with. As part of career development, employees are encouraged to further their education and training. The costs thereof are covered by the company. Serving as a liaison officer with the communities and/or outside agencies regarding their human resource programs, I have had the chance to work with the American Heart Association (AHA); specifically working with local AHA personnel in submitting an award application for the company. I have had to gather information on what the company does to promote healthy living. The vendors we have worked with provide us with healthy food options and we had exercise programs available for the employees to take part in. I had to go through past records to find out how many employees had participated in the health screening program that was provided by the company. This helped me to understand what the company’s past practices were. I also got to work with several food vendors that offered catering services at the company’s luncheons. I have also been involved in providing guidance in matters of employment law. I got to research on some of the grievances that were filed against the company; and did research on the historical actions the company took whenever employees filed grievances against it. I had to search past records and ascertain how each situation was handled, the most important thing being to understand why the decision was made in that manner. I have come to understand that the greatest challenges that face the company and which need human resource representatives in the company to work on are the annual and family medical leaves. I have to admit that I found this to be the hardest part to learn. There were many rules and laws that could be applied to situations and I had to look at every situation differently and from different angles before making any decision. It was made clear to me never to make any decision without the full knowledge of the case as it could end up in court. I identified a few FMLA cases where employees had gone for long periods of time without proper notification from the relevant health practitioners. Part of my duties during the internship has been to promote healthy lifestyles and the project I have worked on is to promote a walking program which entailed walking from Lincoln, NE to Hawaii. I have had to keep track of the number of miles covered, the number of people that took part in the program, and determine the amount of money that had to be spent on prizes. For prizes, we obtained baseball tickets to a local game, gift cards, and/or Hawaiian-themed prizes. This was the most rewarding part of my internship for it was an ideal avenue for me to meet people including the employees. The hardest part of working in human relations has been ensuring that I am well versed with the standards of the Affirmative Actions (AA) plan. Each year we have the Department of Labor officials coming and assessing the type of employees that we have working in the company. They consider the diversity of Lincoln and require that businesses have the same type of diversity in their workforce. After the evaluation, we get a proposal indicating where we are meeting the requirements and the areas we need to improve on. The majority of our employees are White Americans, indicating that our diversity is not enough. My concern was how recruitment has to be done in order to balance between diversity and qualification but I came to understand that although the most qualified people ought to be employed, the company has to strive to meet the AA requirements. I also learned that the company has to keep good records of all the applicants and be able to offer the reasons for selecting the ones that got hired. One of the most interesting things about my internship was that I worked with a union that was responsible for the protection of the employees. The union files grievances if the employees are being treated unfairly. However, in my own opinion, there was no need for such a union because there are enough laws in place to protect workers. This is especially so because to be members employees have to pay a monthly fee. Conclusion My internship has been a most fulfilling experience. On the whole, I have learned a lot regarding dealing with different people in different situations. This has been a lesson that is so invaluable for me. I have also been able to learn good communication skills and have become a team player. On a general note, I think I have had much to learn about the real business world. For me, therefore, my internship at Crown Global Consulting, LLC has offered me valuable learning experience.

Global Patterns of Earthquakes

Global Patterns of Earthquakes Achievement Standard Geography 91432: Analyse aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. (Parshotam) Task 1: Describe the global pattern of earthquakes, including maps in your answer. An earthquake is defined by GNS Science, as a â€Å"sudden motion or trembling in the crust caused by the abrupt release of accumulated stress along a fault, a break in the Earth’s crust.†[1] As seen below from the map representing data between 2000 and 2008 there is a major peripheral pattern of ‘Global earthquake activity’ focused around the exterior of the earth’s tectonic plates. This is evident from the similarities in comparison to the second map below showing the ‘Global plate boundaries of the earth’.[2] These plate boundaries accurately follow the same shape, size and location of the thin red and bright multi-coloured linear outlining in the first, validating this claim. The most intense locations of earthquake activity are concentrated in a linear pattern in locations of the earth where continental plates interact with oceanic plates. This is illustrated by the multi-coloured bright regions indicating heavy earthquake activity of ranging depth in the earth’s crust in the Western regions of South America, the South East Asian islands, Japan, the far Eastern boarders of Russia, the South Western edges of Alaska, New Zealand and Central America. The information provided here is validated with background research ranking Japan, Indonesia and Chile as first, second and third in the world in terms of countries with the most 6.5+ magnitude earthquake events in 2014.[3] Japan accumulated 72 occurrences, Indonesia 52 and Chile 43. Other noteworthy countries include Papa New Guinea ranked 4th at 40, Mexico ranked 6th at 32, Alaska ranked 9th at 25, Peru ranked 10th at 23 Russia ranked 12th at 20 and New Zealand ranked 18th at 14; all countries included in the heavy earthquake activity regions. Also seen from the ‘Global earthquake activity’ map, there are scattered occurrences of shallow earthquake activity in the middle of the tectonic plates shown from the small distribution of red dots over E astern Africa for example. This is due to the global pattern of fault lines. The map seen on the next page shows the layout of earth’s major fault lines which explains this smaller scattered pattern of earthquake activity. The location of scatter follows the same alignment as the fault outlines on the ‘Major global fault lines’ map.[4] This is exemplified from the red scatter, on the â€Å"Global earthquake activity’ map, throughout Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya and South Sudan for example which corresponds with the fault line of the Central African Shear Zone fault system illustrated running through Eastern Africa. Task 2: Fully explain the factors and/or processes contributing to the global pattern of earthquakes. As defined by GSI Science earthquakes are releases of stress through the interaction of tectonic plates. These tectonic plates are compacted into a patchwork like arrangement to form the Earth’s lithosphere, its outer shell which is comprised of the crust and uppermost mantle (the individual layer of upper mantle which is closest to the surface of the earth). The plates are made up of several large plates being, the Eurasian plate, the North American plate, the African plate, South American plate, the Antarctic plate and the Pacific plate with a few other minor plates in between. Most plates range from 4 to 40 miles in width and consist of both continental crust and oceanic crust. Beneath the lithosphere of the Earth’s tectonic plates is a much hotter and softer layer, called the asthenosphere. A process occurs where due to the amount of pressure and extreme temperatures the rock of the asthenosphere is able to morph and therefore it moves and flows, creating convection currents from radiating hotspots centring from the inner earth which affect the movement of the plates, termed continental drift[5]. The diagram to the left illustrates the relation of levels which contribute to the movement of tectonic plates. This is very slow though, only up to 100mm per year. Due to the heat of the asthenosphere the lithosphere lying above is brittle and therefore susceptible to breaks in the form of faults. Earthquakes are created through three different forms of plate interaction: Convergence is one such interaction where two plates collide, and this region of meeting in the Earth’s crust is called a subduction zone or convergence boundary. When the two plates collide, one is forced to slowly scrape over, under or alongside the other. Resulting from the pressure of these movements, the crust gives way and a fault ruptures releasing an earthquake. During the collision of tectonic plates, the denser plate with more mass forces the lighter plate underneath it. This process is called subduction, hence subduction zone. The plate that is forced down is destroyed and is completely melted as it submerges into magma of the asthenosphere underneath the crust. This is how plate boundaries are altered over time. Volcanic activity is produced from subduction where, as the plate is forced down and melted due to the pressure and heat it turns into magma. Pockets of the magma created finds channels to the surface in the form of volcanoes. On December 26th 2004 an earth quake was generated off the coast of Sumatra when the India and Burma plate converged. The India plate was subducted and the India Ocean tsunami was triggered.[6] There are multiple situations where Convergence operates, where ocean crust interacts with oceanic crust, where oceanic crust interacts with continental crust and where continental crust interacts with continental crust seen in the following diagrams.[7] Seen from the diagram to the left where oceanic crust meets oceanic crust island arcs and deep marine trenched are formed which are examples of visible creases in the Earth’s crust as a result of subduction. Island arcs and oceanic trenches occur when both of the plates are made of oceanic crust. The Mariana Trench in Honolulu Hawaii is an example of a result from this process. Where continental crust meets continental crust spectacular mountain ranges are formed as both plates are too light to be sub ducted so the collision forces the crust upwards. The Himalayas mountain range and the Tibetan Plateau were results of this process when the Australian-India Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate north of India. Divergence is another type of plate interaction. This is a process where two plates separate from each other and a rift, a gap, is produced and widens eventually creating a rift valley, a larger linear rift. Divergent boundaries that occur between oceanic plates produce mid-oceanic ridges. In areas of rifts molten lava can rise and fill which cools reacting with the water and create new crust material, forming new landmasses potentially altering the landscape. Oceans can be formed when plates diverge and water fills the rift valley between the two land masses. This process is called sea floor spreading where the Red Sea exemplifies this process. Transformation is the third type of plate interaction which occurs when two plates slide past each other. From this movement the crust of both plates remains unchanged. However stress is stored in the plates from the friction of moving past and aggregates until the amount of stress surpasses the threshold. Energy is released suddenly in a shift of the plates in opposite directions relative to each other and an earthquake occurs. The earthquake impact is focused on an epicentre location. An example of this is the San Andreas Fault running through California resulting from the friction created from the Pacific Plate and North American. This fault is responsible for the linear pattern of red on the South West of Coast of the United States seen on the ‘Global earthquake activity’ map. As previously stated earthquakes are not only active on tectonic plate boundaries but also fault lines. Fault lines are created due to stresses in the earth’s crust and fractures occur where rock has been disturbed, which can range in length from metres or thousands of kilometres. Fault lines are considered active â€Å"if a fault shows evidence of having moved at least once in the past 100,000 years.†[8] With this the fault is hazardous and a risk of earthquake activity. Once a fault line has been formed future earthquakes are conducted along it. With the exception of earthquakes which take place at a depth of 600km+ all earthquakes are channelled along fault lines. Spectacular mountain ranges such as the Southern Alps can be created also as a result of this process where thousands or millions of years of repeated earthquake activity along one major fault line, the Alpine Fault, build up into extreme dislocations of crust. Different to the earthquake activity generated along plate boundaries seismic waves are produced along fault lines through the rapid interaction of the opposing parallel crust.[9] A process is a sequence of related actions which modify or maintain an environment. There are several processes which crust along fault lines carry out to generate seismic waves and subsequent earthquake activity.[10] [11] Where the two crusts of a fault line are being pulled apart the interaction is termed ‘Normal faulting’. In this situation the hanging wall, which is the crust positioned higher shifts downward, lower than the footwall, the crust which is initially positioned lower. ‘Reverse faulting’ occurs on horizontal ground when the two crusts are instead being compressed together resulting in the hanging wall shifting upwards, over the footwall. Where reverse faulting occurs on sloped land, it is known as thrust faulting. Crusts on ‘Strike slip’ faults shift sideways, laterally past to each other. This type of faulting is unique in comparison to Normal and Reverse as there are no hanging walls or footwalls due to this being on a strike, horizontal ground, instead of a dip so the fault is on vertical ground. All three types of fault processes can be seen in an ‘Oblique slip’ where a combination of these shifts occurs. Strike slips are both right lateral and left lateral. Task 3: Explain in detail and evaluate the social and economic significance for people affected by earthquakes. Over time, earthquakes have had a range of impacts on the cultural and natural landscape of the world with both positive and negative consequences. The people most affected by these impacts are the people living in the countries which lie on the plate boundaries and fault lines. New Zealand’s natural landscape has been largely affected by earthquakes and is a prime example to showcase the long term results. Beautiful scenery such, as the Southern Alps, can be created and be of great economic significance for a country by contributing to the tourism industry as a popular feature. This is specifically seen in Queenstown, a location with much mountainous relief where snow sports like snowboarding and skiing is available and popular. Where these spectacles are created they can be of major significance to the country as this is a long term effect which has the potential to earn large amounts of income for the country’s GDP and be a permanent anchor for the tourism industry which it has proven to be in New Zealand. This effect is beneficial socially also as mountains such as these are available for use for the world to enjoy, however only the countries which the mountains are in will prosper economically. Earthquakes are also capable of causing large scale death and injuries when occurring in an region of high population density. This was demonstrated by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti on January 12th where there were over 300,000 people injured and an estimated 220,000 casualties.[12] Depending on the magnitude of the earthquake and the location of where it happened to be able to cause the necessary destruction in order for such wide spread death and injury to occur. But when the full effects of an earthquake are felt the social impacts are extreme, seen in the figures previously mentioned. This is a long term effect as the pain suffered from losing a loved one will stay with the victims of the earthquake for the rest of their lives. The physical pain endured can also be intense when the case is severe so because of this the victims will be much more affected by death and injury than the other people of the world in unaffected countries. I believe this effect to have greater significanc e over that of a hindered economy where as the statistics have shown, regions can improve their economy and standard of living in a reasonably short time and the effects will be reversed, however death and serious injury such as amputation can never be reversed. Earthquakes have proven to also be detrimental to the economy of the country affected by destroying valuable exports or urban features and environments which cost to be rebuilt and replaced. An example of this effect is seen where as a result of the demolition of the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch the New Zealand economy shrunk by an estimated 6%-8% which â€Å"is equivalent to the economic impact from severe recession.†[13] It is also noted that, coupled with the economic impacts of the September 2010 earthquake the fall in New Zealand’s GDP was around 8%-11%.Similar to the effect of death and injury this impact focuses mainly on the people living in the affected country. It varies in terms of being a major impact or not seen in the paragraph below it can be short term and is possible to reverse if the economy is strong enough to be resilient. From the effects a recession as the economic consequences were compared to, there will be falls in employment, dispos able income and savings etc. but this also depends on the magnitude of the earthquake and the harshness of the destruction. Surely economies can be crippled as a result of the destruction of an earthquake, which Christchurch’s was not and therefore it did not remain at that level of severity due to redevelopment. It can be a major impact to the extent of death and injury but in more economically developed countries it is not. As previously mentioned strong earthquakes which occur in dense urban areas, like cities, wreak much destruction where the seismic waves generated are able to collapse the buildings and infrastructure. This is exemplified from the results of the Haiti earthquake where â€Å"over 188,383 houses were badly damaged and 105,000 were destroyed.†12 Mental and emotional damages such as trauma, fear of another earthquake and the stress of rebuilding and carrying on with life ensue as consequentially1.5 million people were left without a home. This meant many families were faced with the struggle to survive and eventual relocation of their lives. This with the additional loss of incomes for people who lost their business and places of work and hindered of opportunity for kid’s education, where it is recorded 4000 schools were destroyed or damaged, shows earthquake pose as severe threats to the social wellbeing of the world. This impact is major also and again limited to the vict ims of the event. People’s livelihoods are being endangered and therefore this effect is as serious as death and injury. Homelessness, job losses, lack of education are all risking the futures of the victims where it is a possibility, if the earthquake occurred in an less economically developed country the economy may not be as resilient as that of an more economically developed country. People in LEDC’s are more vulnerable to fall into poverty after a major earthquake. Redevelopment, however, is a beneficial economic effect that earthquakes can make. Multiple factors of a city or country’s economy can be positively impacted such as the availability of new job opportunities. This is as workers will be employed to clean up and clear the debris and rubble from the left over destruction and construction/development firms will be in heavy demand in order to rebuild the damaged and levelled areas. Where employment rises there will be an increased demand for goods and services as more households are willing and able. From this more income can be taxed tax giving the government revenue and ability to aid in the redevelopment and expand the economy which is seen as $16 billion has been generated as a result of Christchurch’s redevelopment increasing New Zealand’s Real GDP. The economic growth made possible by earthquake redevelopment is validated by the statistic that 9 months after the February earthquake the Christchurch economy was g rowing between 1-3% every 3 months, more than the national economy growth. Rejuvenation of an economy is positive and major impact. As seen in Christchurch it can lift a city and it’s people out of despair and it will soon be restored as a major New Zealand city. However as mentioned before redevelopment has varying levels of success and is not as effective in some cases as others. Along with economic growth, resulting from mass redevelopment, locations affected by earthquake activity can become more modern and beautiful which will in turn attract high levels of population, increasing population density and again employment. Landmarks of historical significance can be lost as a result of earthquakes such as bridges of churches. This loss can cause much grief to those who valued the landmark’s significance and it can also be detrimental to the location’s sense of identity as such features can play a large factor in the region’s history and significance as a place. An example of this is Christchurch’s cathedral which was more than a century old, built in the second half of the 19th century was damaged beyond safety and therefore was demolished. This is not a major impact when considering the horrific possibilities of widespread poverty and mass death. Also to some history may not be as important as it is to others and if the landmark is not a key point in the country’s GDP, loss of it will not create serious negative economic consequences. This however is long term as history can never be rebuilt or recreated entirely. [1] http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-at-a-Plate-Boundary [2] http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth.html [3] http://www.world-earthquakes.com/index.php?option=ethq_statistics [4] http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology+for+Everyone/Plate+Tectonics.htm [5] https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Asthenosphere.html [6] http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology+for+Everyone/Plate+Tectonics.htm [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary [8] http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-and-Faults/When-is-a-Fault-Active [9] http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-and-Faults [10] http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquakes-and-Faults/Different-types-of-Faults [11] http://geology.about.com/library/bl/blnutshell_fault-type.htm [12] http://www.dec.org.uk/haiti-earthquake-facts-and-figures [13] http://ccdu.govt.nz/faq/economy